Akiramen Blog - EDCI 337

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Active and Passive learning

Learning Pyramid

Have you ever experienced listening to a lesson for a long time and not remembering anything afterward?

やる気のない小学生のイラスト | かわいいフリー素材集 いらすとや
Illustration of an unmotivated schoolchild.

Learning pyramids are a group of general learning models, representations relating to the degree of retention of different learning content induced by different types of learning. A lecture is part of passive learning and it only holds 5 % of your memory after learning. That is why Some teachers try to make some activities or discussions during lectures. However, it is still difficult to motivate all students. On the other hand, the active learning have higher Learning retention rate. Teaching others have 90% of learning retention rate.

I usually teach the material to each other before we have exams. It works effectively rather than reading slides. I also find it difficult during the pandemic we had online lectures and we did not enough chances to interact with each other. It discourages studying and memorizing stuff.

オンライン授業を受ける学生のイラスト(女性)
Illustration of a student taking an online class (female).

What was your experience of trying out H5P? 

The overall experience using H5P is good. I made some questions and tired to put multiple questions here but I could not paste here. The process of making questions were really simple and easy. This type of tool can apply everywhere when you write blog or videos.

Reference

https://www.irasutoya.com/

Assignment 3 core multimedia skills

my YouTube video

I made a video about my job-hunting culture in Japan and share my experience in Boston. It was my first experience making a video and upload on YouTube. It was pretty difficult for editing. It was also tough to think of the structure of the video.

What I tired to make video interesting

  • I tried to use PowerPoint.
  • I used visual information pictures and videos (Mayer’s Signaling principle).
  • Use personal experience

Telling my personal experience. I explained the job-hunting culture with my own experience. I showed video and photos of the job fair. It makes more sense than I tell verbally. In the week 7 topic explain the storytelling is important.

Improvement (Kaizen)

1. This video took too long. I need to keep it short. (Mayer’s Segmenting Principle). The audience may get bored.

2. I also missed explaining the outcomes of the event (Mayer’s Coherence Principle). I had a job interview with SMBC bank ( one of the largest banks in Japan) and Sumitomo forestry (a housing company) in Boston. I did not pass the interview for both companies.

Important note

I used this website (https://www.irasutoya.com/) called IRASUTOYA(いらすとや) for PowerPoint. This website provides wide variety of pictures over 25000 which help to add visual information.

This website is known to most Japanese and copyright free. Even these images are used on government websites. If you ever make a PowerPoint about child education you can use these images from this website.

If you search ” Baby” in this website.
英才教育のイラスト
smart kids

Week 6 Instructional Design and Lesson Planning

Merrill’s First Principles

Merrill shows five principle which promote learning

1 The learning should be relate to real world problems

2 Existing knowledge is activate as a foundation of new knowledge

3 Course must be demonstrate through both visually or storytelling

4 Allowing them to apply new information

5 New knowledge is applied to learner’s world.

When I took the Economic history class. We had a group project of presentations. I have experience with sharing real-world problems from an economic perspective. I searched cost of conflict, especially with Sudan. Sudan has experienced a civil war due to ethnic conflict. I demonstrated how much the actual damage and the average salary have dropped.

File:South Sudan 022.jpg - Wikimedia Commons
This photo took in 2012 in South Sudan

                

GDP per capita in Sudan

The massive decline in GDP per capita showed when there is a huge conflict and massacre in 1991. This means the annual salary has been dropped from $1668 to $320. When there is War, there is the destruction of the firm and infrastructures.

  1. real-world problems

2. I applied into economic perspective with existing knowledge

3.There is a story behind the civil wars I showed them with presentations

I found this is more engaging and it is easier to stick to brains.

Reference

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_Sudan_022.jpg

https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/SDN/sudan/gdp-per-capita#:~:text=Sudan%20gdp%20per%20capita%20for,a%2024.19%25%20increase%20from%202020.

Week 5 Design principle for multimedia presentations

Poor presentation slides

I am going to review the PowerPoint slides I had in the past. I made this PowerPoint slide when I was taking an Environmental Economics course. I was discussing Hazardous waste which hurts the environment. I listed the types of hazardous waste in this slide.

  • I found the title is missing in these slides.
  • The sides of the letter are the same.
  • The color does not match the content of the slide.
  • There is not enough room for each bullet point.

I could use the color contrast scheme to be more engaging. The green color does not give the harm or damage impacts.

So I tried a little change here by following scheme. I changed color.

The yellow color gives a more warning or threatening impression and it matches the image. I also made the text red which I think is important. It gives more clear information and is easier to understand. I tried not to use too many colors just yellow, red, and black.

I made enough space on each bullet point to make it clear.

The common bad PowerPoint has too much text and the color does not fit the content.

Week 4 Accessibility and Equity Audio book

(Text to speech tools)

When I am thinking text to speech tools, I remembered I tried to use an Audiobook. I signed up for the audible free trials. At first, I thought it is a convenient way to absorb information while I cannot use both hands. However, it turned out that I did not remember at all after I listened and it requires a lot of concentration, making me tired. I realized I am good at absorbing information by watching rather than listening. Nevertheless, it gives more opportunities to access books who have a disability. I think the demand for audiobook will grow as people become busier and cannot concentrate on reading books. Some people want to access books while they are walking or riding trains.

This video recommend some audiobook apps
Reference https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ch_rojp3Cu8

Information gathering through books is also diversifying and being replaced by digital and audiobooks. I use physical books and digital book. While I am in Canada, it is difficult to access Japanese books and Manga so I use kindle tablet. It helps to save the shipping cost and I do not have to carry heavy books.

Moreover, there is a useful tool called “word-wise” to read books in English. The Word Wise explains the difficult word by giving short definitions. I used to avoid reading books in English because I get annoyed every time I encountered words that I do not know. It takes time to look it up in the dictionary but this Word Wise tool can save time to look it up.

Double coding theory

Double Coding theory seems an intuitive way of learning from a teacher from my experience. Double coding theory states visual and verbal stimulus helps your learning. It reduces cognitive load and increases working memory. Becton explains that the verbal and visual stimulus connects “words to images”(Becton, 2022). Imagine if the PowerPoint slide is only made with sentences you will get bored and it will be harder to understand the theories. It is relevant when I learn Economics in school. First of all, we learn concepts and theories but most of the times it does not make sense if we just memorize the theories so there are graphs to explain how it works.

Explaining the Dual Coding Theory - mysimpleshow

This image indicates the memory is loaded through verbal and visual stimulus.

Reference

https://videomaker.simpleshow.com/explain-dual-coding-theory/

Wissink, R., & H, M. (2022, March 17). Dual coding theory: The Complete Guide for Teachers. Education Corner. Retrieved September 25, 2022, from https://www.educationcorner.com/dual-coding-theory/

Let me explain the simple economics model. “The law of demand”. It states consumers will demand a higher quantity of goods at a lower price and vice versa.

Now with this image, I hope you understand more of this theory. At 3 dollars, only 1 apple is demanded but as the price gets lower more people want to buy apples at 1 dollar. At 1 dollar, 10 apples are demanded because it is cheaper. It is exactly what Becton tells “words to image”. The theory is linked to this image.

Cognitive load theory

Cognitive load theory refers to the difference between working memory (short-term) and long-term memory. When we process new information, there are 3 types of cognitive load take places.

The first one is intrinsic. The intrinsic overload relates to complex tasks. It is more challenging than a normal task.
The second one is extraneous. If there is unrelated background music or unnecessary information helps to remember the information.

The last one is germane. It is an ability to connect long-term memory and short-term memory, in other words, when you have base knowledge about that subject it is easier to remember new things.

This theory can relate to when I learn English as a second language. When I remember new vocabulary there are some patterns. If I learn a new word “teacher” I can combine information teach and “er” represents a person. If I have enough knowledge of prefix and suffix. It will be easier to remember the new vocabularies.

Cognitive Load Theory - Psychologist World
It represents the complexity of the task at the same time.

Reference https://www.psychologistworld.com/memory/cognitive-load-theory

It can apply when you teach something new to other people. You need to simplify the step to not to make confuse learners. Waude explains this theory apply when math teacher explains how to use long divisions or Online instructional videos for DIY. The work is broken down into smaller tasks and demonstrated by experts. (Waude, 2017)